Internal-combustion engine.



W.'J. 0. JOHNSON. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9 1905.

Patented Oct. 18, 19H).

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Er VZTSFJ v W.J.O..TOHNSON.- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIOATION HLED JUNE 9, 1905. W

Patented 0013. 18, 1910.

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNEQ, 1905.

Patented Oct. 18, 1910.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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"NIH nnnmmm W. J. 0. JOHNSON. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

EAPPLIOATION FILED JUNE 9, 1905.

Patented Oct. 18, 1910.

I 6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

W. J. O. JOHNSON. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. Y APPLIQATION FILED JUNE9, 1905.

Patented Oct. 18, 1910.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5,

W. J. 0. JOHNSON.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIUATION FILED JUNE 9/1905.

Patented Oct. 18, 1910.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

' position of parts at the moment the charge drawings,

openposition. partly. in section of the cylinder.v the valve arner orrrca.

' WALTER J. o; .ronnson, or CHICAGO, rumors.

xurEnNAncoMBusrroN ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Oct; 18, 1910.

Application filed June 9, 1905. Serial No. 264,372.

Cook, and State of Illinois, have inventedcertain new and usefulImprovements in Internal-Combustion Engines; and I dov hereby declarethat the followingis a full,

clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to theaccompanying and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which formapart of this specification. .i I This invention relates to improvementsin internal-combustion engines. In the drawingsz-Figure 1 is afragmentary side elevation. of a machine embodyingmy invention, showingthe position of the parts when the explosion occurs.

Fig. .2 isa fragmentary front -elevation. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary. viewshowing the cylinder partly in vertical section with the inlet valvestem depressed. Fig. 4 is a similar view showing the piston at thedownward limit of movement and the exhaust valve stem depressed. Fig. 5is an enlarged vertical-section of the upper end of the cyl--- inder.and compression reservoir showing the is ignited; Fig. 6 is a view inelevation. of theopposite side of the valve mechanism.

Fig. 7 is afragmentary side elevation of the upper end ofthe cylinder.and the valve mechanism showing the inlet valve stem in openposition'and the sparker thrown back.

Fig. 8 1s a similar View showing the inletvalve closed and the exhaustvalve stem in Fig. 9 is a top plan view and-@thesparker mechanism. Fig.10 is a.

of the valve casings Fig. 13 is a fragmentary enlarged perspective viewof v the valve actuating rod and the-parts -t-hereo n for actuatingthevalve. and sparkingmechanismf As shown in the drawings: A indicates acylinder'of any'desired length which may be water ijacketed or-providedwith radiating ribs X as shown in the drawings, for the purpose'ofradiating heat therefrom and which is provided'at its'upper end with aperipheral flange of on which issecured the cylinder head B. At itslower end the cylinder is provided with a peripheral flange a on whichis secured the lower head B which affords a part of a compressionchamber. Connected by means of the flanges a and a is a compressionreservoir or tank A in which the compressed explosive mixture is x saidlower head and opens into the compression tank A" through an inwardlyopening valve 0' which is any suitable spring controlled valve adaptedto be lifted by the pressure from. the compression chamber. Stufiingboxes a a tively in the lower and the upper heads of said cylinder and apistonrod a extends through the upper stuiiing box or gland and isprovided w1th a piston o having piston rings thereon in the usual mannerto afford a close fit in the cylinder. The lower end of said piston rodof extends through the piston and is connected withlan inner orcompression piston, a". An enlarged piston rod a extends downwardlytherefrom and through the lower gland, and at its lower are providedrespecend-isan outwardly extending bracket arm a.corre sponding with asimilar bracket arm a .CflITlGd OIl the p ston rod a and connectedat itsends. with-said bracket arms is a valve actuating rod D.

Rigidly securedon theend a of the piston rod below the bracket 11 areoppositely and laterally extending arms o and upon the lower cylinderhead 13 on opposite sides thereof are lugs a in which on suitablepintles a are pivotally engaged levers a. Powerful coiled springs c aresecured on the pintles in position to hold said arms (I normallyelevated as shown in Fig.2. Connecting .the extremities of the arms aand the arms 0: are links or rods a so that when said arms are movedupwardly under the action "of their powerful springs the piston rod andpistons in the cylinder are carried upwardly thereby to the tionmdicatedin Figs. 1, 2 and'3.

Opening through -'the upper head B into valve Z) at its lower endopening against,

posicasing andfis prov a- .suitable passage-i with-- a corresponding thepressure from the pressure reservoir- A stem b ;extends .--upward1ythrough the (led on its'upp'er end with an enlargedheadlb beneath whichand on the top off-the casing engages a' pushing spring'b actingnormallyto hold the valve seated. Said .casihgieommunicates through valve casingb /in which'is avalve b seating in the lowerfndof the same onwhich issecured a' stem having ah-enlarged head inder head from the inlet valvesis anexhaust valve which comprises a casing 6 similar to those beforedescribed seated in the cylinder head and opening from the 'upper' 'endof the cylinder and in which is secured a valve Z) seating to close theexhaust passage 6 opening from the cylinder;

. Secured on said valve b is a stem I1 having a head 6 thereon beneathwhich engages a spring 6 acting tohold said valve positively closedexcept when positively actuated by the valve mechanism. A relief valve 6is seated in said cylinder head B and communicates with the pressurechamber or tank A as shown in Fig. 5 and is provided with a stem'whichextends upwardly therefrom through a. yoke 6 bolted above the head. Astrong spiral "spring- I) is engaged between the said yoke and valve andacts to hold the valve normally closed. The pressure'of said spring isadjusted to readily withstand the maximum pressure at which it, isdesired to deliver the mixture into the eylinder so that'at any timeshould a greater pressure be attained within the pressure tank the-valveb opens causing a reduction of the pressure to the desired point.

Integral with the head B is an upwardly extending .bracke't E,positioned approximately equidistant betweenthe inlet valve 1) and theexhaust valve '6. Pivoted at the upper end of said bracket, closelyadjacent the piston rod is a valve actuating lever E which extends atone end over and in position to engage the head 6 of the inlet valve andextends beyond the same sufliciently to afford a handle for theoperator, in starting, and at the other end extends over the head 6 onthe exhaustvalve stem. Said lever above the inlet valve is provided witha boss 6 adapted to engage the head I) and above the exhaust valve witha corresponding boss 0 adapted to engage the head 6 on the exhaust stem.Said lever projects beyond the cylinder head and obliquely outwardly anddownwardly on the exhaust side thereof affording an outwardly anddownwardly directed tail E which extends in close rela tion with thevalve actuating rod- D, and is "broader outerplate cl which overlaps theinner on each side thereof affording a rabbet on each side of the sameas shown in Fig. 13 which fits in a suitable guide way formed by ahooked, arm B integral with the cylinder head B and which serves to holdsaid rod as it reciprocates up and down with the movement of the piston,in unvarying distance from the valve actuating lever. Secured on saidvalve actuating rod at a point approximatelycoinciding with the end ofthe. lever E when the piston is at the end of its power stroke is aninwardly and up- 35 wardly directed arm d which engages the tail E ofsaid lever as shown in Fig. 8 as the piston approaches the limit of itspower movement and forces the same inwardly thus forcing the boss 6downwardly upon thehead 6 of the exhaust stem, opening the exhaustvalve, and permitting the escape of the products of combustion throughthe exhaust port I). As shown said lever E holds "the exhaust valve openduring the entire upward movement of the piston, and for this purpose adetent E is pivotally engaged upon the cylinder head B and provided witha shoulder 0; adapted to engage over an arm 6 on said lever. I A spring6 as shown in Fig. 11 is engaged on said detent and acts to hold thesame normally with the upper or free end thereof directed toward thevalve actuating rod and in position to engage said arm. Said detent E isprovided at its upper end with an outwardly directed hook '6 adapted tolimit the upward swing of the lever. l and consequently the downwardmovement of the inlet valve. Below said hook e is a shoulder 6 adaptedto engage beneath the arm and hold the inlet valve openduring aninterval sufficiently long to enable the cylinder to be charged.

As shown a laterally directed arm (1 is en gaged on the valve actuatingrod D at a point insuring the same rising above the lower end of thetail E when the piston is at its upper limit of movement as shown inFig. 7 and against which the end of the tail engages, and as shownsufliciently above said armd? is an inwardly directed tap et arm a?which as the valve actuating ro D approaches the upward limit of itsmovement engages a laterally directed arm a on the tail E swinging theinner end of the lever E downwardly and opening the inletvalve andcarrying the arm 6 above the shoulder e of the spring detent E as shownin Figs.

3 and 7. Suitably engaged on the same pivot with the detent E is ametallic plate F the i the contact arm f or strip F of any suitablematerial and on the opposite side of said block is a contact plate Fprovided at its upper, endwith a forwardly projecting blade or arm fwhich lies below the arm'f of the :plate 'F-and on the opposite side ofthe insulation therefrom and is slightly shorter so that when the arm fengages against-the-arm 0 011 the lev'er'E" is'held out of engagementtherewith. The lower end of said plate F is wardly extending finger fadapted to be engaged by the tappet arin (Z on the valve actuating rod,whereby the contact member or sparker is swung 'rearwardly on its pivotout of engagement with the arm 6. and is held outof contact therewithwhile the inlet valve is open. r

- As shown an arm f integral with the plate F extends downwardly andrearwardly therefrom and isconnected at its lower end with the bracket Eby .means of a pulling spring 7 which acts to throwthe contact memberorsparker forwardly when the arm f isreleased from the tappet' arm (1bringing the blade f against the arm 6 and reventing a contact of theblade f therewith until the arm d" draws the lever down 'sufii d cientlyto permit the inlet valve: to close.

To facilitate starting the engine a pump G connected at its base'withthe passage .0 opening from the pressure chamber communicates withanddelivers into the pres sure tank A.through any suitable passage or port9 The pump rod 9 thereof is connected' with a hand lever g, which asshown is fulcrumed on the pressure tank.

Tlie operation is 'as follows: In starting the engine a fewstrokes ofthe pump produces the necessarypressurewithin the pres sure tank (whichwill be indicated upon the gage G). I quickly forced downwardly by handopening the inlet valve 6 wardly. The downward movement of pistoncompresses the mixture in the lower end of the cylinder forcing the samethrough the port 0 into the pressure tank. Near the downward limit ofmovement the arm d on the valve actuating rod engages the tail ofthelever E wardly carriesthe adjacent end of thelever downwardly openingthe exhaust valve.

contact is impossible.

' cylinder.

.tained and the 'Owing to the fact -that the movement of the The leverhandle E is then.

through which and; the valve the mixture under compression flowsinto-the cylinder.

This starts the'pis- .ton downwardly closing the jump spark plug F- andforcing the same in;

by the powerful springs a during which the explosive-mixture is drawninto the cyl-' inder from the ,carbureter C. The tappet arm (Z firstengages the arms releasing the detent E permitting the exhaust valve toclose and immediately by the downward movement of the other-end of thelever E opens the inletwalve b. The explosive mixture now flows into theupper end of the cylinder. Just'prior to the opening of the inletvalvethe arm or finger f on the contact is engaged by the tappetarm dswinging the same rearwardly as shownin Fig.7 so that when the inletvalve is open electrical Under the pressure of the inflowing compressedmixture. the piston is forced downwardly somewhat, carrying of coursethe valve actuating rod therewith, and as the same moves down wardlythetail E of the lever E engages the arm (Zion said rod forcing theadjacent end of the .lever downwardly and permitting the inlet valvetoclose. let valve is open theblade rests on the arm a and the circuitis broken but when the. lever E. assumes its neutral position as shownin Figs. -5 and 6, the slight ownward movement of the arm e causes thesame to fall below the plate or arm f thus swinging the blade or contactarm f against the arm a completing the circuit or in other. wordsigniting the charge in the The operation is "repeated as long as thesupply of explosive mixture is maincurrent is jmaintained.

piston in one direction is caused by the X- plosion of the compressedexplosive mix-v ture while the return movement is due to the action ofthe spring retarded somewhat by the outflow or exhausting combustion, itfOllOWS tlIZLt the movement of the piston in one-direction is at highvelocity while in the other direction it is at much lower velocitythusa'flording a differs ential rate of piston travel useful for very manypurposes. a

Vvhile I' have described but one construction embodying my invention Ido not purpose limiting this invention otherwise than necessitatedbytheprior art, as'obviously very many details of construction and operationmay be varied without departing from the principles of my invention.

I claim as my invention. J

1. In an internal combustion motor the combination with a cylinder and apiston therein, of a pressure receptacleor tank having valved connectionwith the power end of the cylinder, a,utomatic means acting to admit thecharge under pressure into the The shoulder e of the spring detent E?lcylinder, whereby the plston isvmoved. to-

- While the in f of the sparker of the products of the ignition of thecharge,

cylinder, and means operatively return the piston after chargingposition. v

2. In an internal combustion engine the combination with a cylinder, apiston and the piston rod, of a pressure tank adapted to deliver anexplosive charge into the cylinder under pressure, asparking mechanism,

valves controlling the inlet and the exhaust from the cylinder, a leverfor actuating the valves and the sparking mechanism, and means carriedon the piston rod for actuating said lever;

8. In a two cycle internal combustion engine the'combination with acylinder, the

piston and the piston rod thereof, of spring controlled levers engagedon the piston rod and acting to return the piston to the power end ofthe cylinder after each discharge, an inlet and an exhaust valve at thepower end of the cylinder, a valve operating lever acting to actuateboth said valves and means. carried on the piston rod for actuat-.

ing said lever.

4. In a two cycle internal combustion engine-the combination with acylinder'comprising a power and a compression end of a pressure tank, avalved port connecting thecompressionend of the cylinder with saidpressure tank, a valved inlet connecting the power end of said cylinderwith the pressure 7 tank, an exhaust valve in the power end of thecylinder, a lever adapted to actuate said inlet and exhaust valves, adetent adapted to hold said leverat each limit of its movement,

means carriedon the piston rod adapted to r operate said lever,andarelease valve in the compression tank and adapted to regulate thepressure therein to a predetermined maximum.

5; In an internal combustion engine the combination with the cylinderhaving a compression and a power end of the pistonv therein, a pistonrod connected therewith and extending beyond both ends of the cylinder,an inlet and an exhaust valvein the power end of'the cylinder, a leverpivoted to actuate each of said valves, a valve actuating rod connectedwith the piston rod at each' end of the cylinder and adapted to actuatesaid, lever and a sparking mechanism controlled by said actuating rodadapted to ignite thecharge when all the valves are closed.

' 6. In an internal combustion engine the combination with a cylinderhaving a power and a compression end of a pressure tank connected by avalved port with the compression end of sa'id cylinder, a carbureteradapted 'to. communicate the power end a valved inlet ort si'on endofthe cylinder, f

connecting the tank and. the power en said cylinden an exhaust-va-lve"i-n the ower end of the cylinder, fa Elev'er pivotal y en-"gaged on the cylinder head "and positioned .to

actuate the inlet and the ,exhaust valves,

ith aidccmpresr y reciprocating means operated from the pis- ,ton foractuating saidlever to operate said valves, a sparking mechanism alsocontrolled by said lever and-adapted to. ignite the the valvesareclosed, and

charge only when a detent acting to hold said lever in position,toengage either of said valves for a timed interval. I

7-. In an internal combustionmotor the combination with a cylinderhaving a com- 'pression and a power end of a piston rod extendingthrough the end of the cylinder,

with the compression end of the cylinder, a port connecting the upperend thereof with of the cylinder, inlet valves in said port, an exhaustvalve opening through the head of the cylinder, a lever actuating one ofthe inlet valves and the exhaust valve rhythmically, a spring detentcarried on the cylinder, a valve actuating rod connected with the pistonrod andadapted to actuate said lever, to open and close said valves,said detent acting to engage said leverand regulate) the opening of saidvalves and means carried by the rodacting to: release said detentpermitting the valves to close.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder ofa piston therein, a piston rod extending through each end of thecylinder, an actuating rod carried on the piston rod, an inlet and anexhaust valve in the power end of the cylinder, a

' lever for actuating the same, contacts on said ted to operate saidlever actuating rod ada and means for hol ing the lever for a limitedperiod at each limit of its movement 9. In a device Oftllfi classdescribed, the combination with a cylinder, of a piston therein, apiston rod extending through the ends of the cylinder, spring controlledlevers on said cylinder, means connecting the same with the piston rodand acting to move the "piston to the power end-of the cylinder, arms onsaid piston rod, an actuating rod thereon, inlet and exhaust valves inthe power end of the-cylinder and means operated by said actuating'rodfor opening and closing said valves. g In testimony'whereof I havehereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two subscribingwitnesses- YVALTER J. O. JOHNSON. \Vitnesses:

C. IV; HILL-s, W.- VV. WITHENBURY.

.a pressure tank having valved connection

